Process of making pharmaceutical preparations



Nov. 13, 1951 E. KRoNlscH PROCESS oF MAKING PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS Filed Aug. 16, 1949 FJIIINL HLSW IN VEN TOR.

e HIJ M 'TRNEY Patented Nov. 13,n 1951 PROCESS F MAKING PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION S v This invention relates to the preparation of 'proteinso'r amino acids from animal blood, parfticularly blood of beef cattle and sheep, to render 'them inv condition for human consumption bel'cause-of their nutrient and medicinal values. f The proteins or amino acidszhave been the sub- `ject of considerable research work because of vtheir value for human nutrition and as medici- -nal agents; Researches in such field have as- ,serted that there are 23known amino acids which are benecial to humans as nutrients and as me- 'Adicinal agents and that some of such amino. acids :are necessary or essential for normal yhuman :metabolism As far as isaware, the following :amino acids are listed as being essential: Arginine histidine, `isolucine, leucine, lysine, methionine phenylalanine, threonine, trypto- -phane, valine. There are other amino acids .-iwhich, while not considered essential, are regarded as important in nutrition. It is the gen- '.,erally accepted belief that the best known source for such amino acids is animal blood, particu- .larly the blood of beef cattle and sheep.

It is the generally accepted opinion of workers .in this ,-eld that the systems of some humans rare. incapable of converting proteins into the required amino acids although they may consume food stuffs which would supply the normal `human system with the required amount of protein necessary to avoid malnutrition. Scientific 1workers, in order to supply such humansV with lthe required proteins, have treated protein-bear- ,in'g substances, such as animal blood and casein, in order to convert the protein value thereof to a form in whichthey are assimilable by humans as nutrients or medicinal agents. In order to so convert such materials, they have been subjected to`hydrolysis. One of the outstanding disadvantages of hydrolysis resides in the fact that the product has a bad odor and taste, resembling that of decomposed animal matter and therefore highly objectionable. It has also been stated that other factors, beneficial to humans, while known to be present in the starting material, were e not'identiable after hydrolysis and it is assumed Eugen-Kronisch, New York, N. Y. Application August 16, 1949, Serial No. 110,551 y 2 claims. (ci. 99-2) order to make it assimilable by humans it has been hydrolyzed. Hydrolyzation, as heretofore explained, converts the casein into a form which has a bad odor and taste. The foregoing difliculties in the preparation of animal blood and casein .have and do constitute a problem which has been of great concern to pharmaceutical manufacturers and the medical profession. p

The object of this invention is to make available for human consumption all of the proteins vor amino acids present in animal blood, particularly the blood of beef cattle and sheep, without diminishing their effectiveness. The product of A. this invention is entirely free of bad -odorand taste and may be taken by mouth without discomfort or nausea. The proteins or amino acids,

bythe process of this invention, are converted to a condition whereby they are rendered readily as similable by the human system.

A further object of this invention is to provide the protein or amino acids present in ,animal blood, particularly that of beef cattle and sheep, in the form of a powder of small and dispersed molecules, substantially' tasteless, excepting for a 25 lslightly saline taste, capable of being taken by mouth in measured quantities without discomfort and readily assimilable by the human system.

rated in a suitable vehicle or extender, such as chalk, itmay be mixed with fruit juices orother drinks, such as malted milk or chololate or in syrups. When so mixed the said product does i not change or eiect the normal taste of such drinks or vehicles, although contributing thereto the highly benecial proteins or amino acids.

In order to illustrate this invention, the following example is given in connection with the that Asuch other factors have been destroyed by y hydrolyzation.

I Although animal blood, such as that of beef cattle, has been recognized as a valuable protein oramino acid-bearing material, it has not been finade generally available as a pharmaceutical'ff because of the diculties encountered in con- "vertin'g it to a form readily administrablev to humans. Pharmaceutical manufacturers have thereforegenerally used casein, because of its protein or amino acid-bearing content and in,l

process of treating blood of beef cattle. The same -process may also vbe used to treat sheep blood and productive of a like product.

lThe blood of beef cattle is collected, simultaneously with the slaughter of the animaL-in j; stainless steel pitchers having 'a capacity of collected, there is-introduced into each pitcher about 250 c c. of a solution-made up of 0.4% of Vsodium phosphate, 0.6% of sodium citrate and approximately 11/2 gallons. Before the blood is 0.5% of sodium chloride, and distilled Water. The solution is adjusted with trisodium phosphate to pH 6.9. The lled pitchers are imme- `diately emptied intostandard milk cans which have rst been sterilized. AThe cans containing -the collected animal blood are refrigerated for 4-'5 hours at approximately 32 F. After the period of refrigeration, vthe blood is tested for ally cooled to 40 F. and stored at a temperature` of from 32-34 F. for approximately 8 hours."

The plasma is then irradiated ierA the-purpose of sterilizing it and increasing its vitamin A. con-V` tent. Such irradiation may be carried outV with a Hanovia ultraviolet tube machine. "Immediately after irradiation, the alzjisrria' isA spray dried, for which purpose a Bowen spray drying machine may be used. ,g i

The spray drying results in a fine loose powdery v'materiaL substantially dry (theamountof'moisture present not being in excess of one-half Aof 1%) and capable of maintaining vsuch Astate when suitably packed. The spray-.dried-material is then radiated with an electronic tube, the wave length of which is 6.10L meter. Such wavelength "may vary either way by 0.10, viz. to. 6:0 0rmeter or 6.20 meter. A suitable device for carrying out the last mentioned stepv is shown .schematically in the accompanying drawing.

Legends, identifying the several parts, are

applied to each partof the drawing from which the function and operation of the device is readily understandable. It might be explained thatV the feed hopper has Va slot therein of such dimension as to deposita layer of the powder .1.

upon the turn tableto a depth. of substantially als 'of an inch.v The. materiahafter .it has been acted upon by the radiationsirom theelectrode and has passed beyond the iniiuence thereof, is

. removed from the turn table, by a snitableblade orscraper, for packing.

. rEhe material is depositedk upon the turn. table toV a .depth of approximately Thoi an inch. The

.speed of operation of the turntable is suchV as toexpose the material vto the radiation `from the .electrode for .a period; of from 2 to substantially vl0` secondsbut .it is,;.preferred to so expose the material for approximately 1.0 seconds. The

.materiaL while being treated. by theradiations from the electrode,.is.not.cooked in whole or in part, nor is its normal temperaturel raised substantially.

The incoming current tothe electronic tube .or high frequency oscillator; should be maintained at 23,0 v olts and 10 amperes. The high frequency through'the powder is approximately 400 watt. Immediately upon radiation by the electronic tube, the product should, if itgbe desirous` to store it,.be packed in air tight tins, first. treated with nitrogenous gas and the tins` sealed.

The final product` contains allof the benecial proteins or amino acids present in the animal blood starting material. It is` airee flowing powder of white-yellowish color and dispersedl small molecules and free of the objectionableV bloodred color. It is sterile, readily soluble inwater,

4 is mixed. In fact, it does not change the odor or taste of such products. The product of this invention is in such condition, both physically and chemically, that it is readily assimilable by human systems which normally are incapable of deriving the nutrient and medicinal value from food stuis containing some or substantially all 2of`the Yessential 'or beneficialproteins or amino acids present insuch food stuffs.

It has not been established whether animal blood, treated according to this invention, is changed either physically or chemically or both physicallyand chemically, but it is evident from the research work that has been done withv the productthat all of the amino acids present in the original animal blood are present in the 'iinal' product and have been converted into a V.condition in which they are readily assimilable by human systems. I` claim:

1. The process of preparing a pharmaceutical from beef cattle blood, comprising collecting the blood from a plurality of animalsl immediately upon slaughter, into containers in which there has been previously introduced a solution of sodium phosphate, sodium citrate and sodium chloride having a pH of substantially 6.9, introducing the blood so collected into .larger containers, refrigerating such bloodfor severalhonrs at `approximately 32" F., `testing the, refrigerated blood for sodium chloride concentration and adjusting it to substantially` 0.9 sodium Achloride concentration; centriugingv the blood toseparate the hemoglobin from the plasma, collectingT the plasma and cooling the same and storing it. 'at a temperature approximating 32 F. for .approximately 8 hours, subjecting the plasma to ultraviolet treatment, spray drying the plasma'.` to a powder with a moisture content not .substantially in excess of one-half of one percent, and nally subjecting the powder to action of radiation from an electronic iield, the wave length of such radiation being substantiallyv 6.10 meter.

2. The steps in the method of preparing a pharmaceutical from beefcattleand sheep blood., comprising collecting the blood immediately 'upon slaughter of the animals, centrifuging the blood to separate the hemoglobin from thel plasma. cooling the plasmaandstoring it for several hours at a temperature approximating 32 F., subjecting the plasma to ultra-violet irradiation, drying the plasma to a powderyy condition and subjecting the powder to `the .action of radiation from an electronic. field, the wave` length whereof, is substantiallyA dmeter.

EGIEN KRONISCH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent;

UNITEDk STATES PATENTS' Number Name Date.

1,614,337 Atwood Jan. l1, 1927 2,241,868 Reimann May 13L 19,41 2,281,989 Parfentjev. May 5, 1942 OTHER REFERENCES Blood Fractionation, Chem. 8:y Met. Eng. by J. R. Callaham, June 1946.A

Ultraviolet Irradiation of. Human Plasma, J. A. M. A., October 25, 1947.. 19gland Products."l Clinical Medicine, Decembe 

1. THE PROCESS OF PREPARING A PHARMACEUTICAL FROM BEEF CATTLE BLOOD, COMPRISING COLLECTING THE BLOOD FROM A PLURALITY OF ANIMALS IMMEDIATELY UPON SLAUGHTER, INTO CONTAINERS IN WHICH THERE HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY INTRODUCED A SOLUTION OF SODIUM PHOSPHATE, SODIUM CITRATE AND SODIUM CHLORDE HAVING A PH OF SUBSTANTIALLY 6.9, INTRO DUCING THE BLOOD SO COLLECTED INTO LARGER CONTAINERS, REFRIGERATING SUCH BLOOD FOR SEVERAL HOURS AT APPROXIMATELY 32* F., TESTING THE REFRIGERATED BLOOD FOR SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION AND ADJUSTING IT TO SUBSTANTIALLY 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION; CONETRIFUGING THE BLOOD TO SEPARATE THE HEMOGLOBIN FROM THE PLASMA, COLLECTING THE PLASMA AND COOLING THE SAME AND STORING IT AT A TEMPEATURE APPROXIMATING 32* F. FOR APPROXIMATELY 8 HOURS, SUBJECTING THE PLASMA TO ULTRAVIOLET TREATMENT, SPRAY DRYING THE PLASMA TO A POWDER WITH A MOISTURE CONTENT NOT SUBSTANTIALLY IN EXCESS OF ONE-HALF OF ONE PER CENT, AND FINALLY SUBJECTING THE POWEDER TO ACTION OF RADIATION FROM AN ELECTRONIC FIELD, THE WAVE LENGTH OF SUCH RADIATION BEING SUBSTANTIALLY 6.10 METER. 